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Peripheral Artery Disease 外周动脉疾病
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) occurs in the lower extremities when there is a build up of plague in the arteries which leads of narrowing of the arteries. This is also referred to as atherosclerosis. PAD affects both men and women equally and affects about 8.5 million Americans in the United States every year (CDC, 2016). It is also more common in the Hispanic population compared to Caucasians (CDC, 2016).
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease usually caused by exposure to tobacco smoke. It is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. This disease is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles of gases, chronic airway irritation, mucus production, and pulmonary scarring and changes in pulmonary vasculature (Ferri, 2018).
Continue reading “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)”Lumbar Spinal Stenosis 腰椎管狭窄 (Reading & Sharing)
Definition, Pathophysiology, Incidence, and Prevalence
Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal, lumbar stenosis is the narrowing of the lower back, the lumbar portion (Spinal stenosis, 2018). This spinal canal narrowing can place additional pressure onto the spinal cord nerves which may cause the affected individual pain. Ferri (2018) explains that in lumbar stenosis, the spinal nerve roots in the lower back become compressed and this can produce symptoms of sciatica involving: tingling, weakness, and/or numbness that radiates from the low back and into the buttocks and legs, especially with activity. Spinal stenosis can occur due to a variety of reasons. Most people with spinal stenosis are over the age of 50; however, some individuals have congenital defects with their spinal canal, causing compression on the spinal cord (Spinal stenosis, 2018). Other causes of lumbar spinal stenosis include: osteoarthritis of the vertebrae can prompt the formation of bone spurs, Paget’s disease, herniated vertebrae, tumors, spinal trauma, and thickened ligaments (Ferri, 2018).
Apple MacBook Air (13-inch, 8GB RAM, 128GB SSD Storage) – Silver
Continue reading “Lumbar Spinal Stenosis 腰椎管狭窄 (Reading & Sharing)” 
AIDS Effects on Cells (Reading & Sharing)
The AIDS virus attaches itself to the CD4 cell surface protein of T-4 lymphocytes with a viral envelope of glycoproteins. This protein binds to CD4 receptors and coreceptors.
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