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Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) 不安腿綜合症

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Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a condition that causes an uncontrollable urge to move your legs, usually because of an uncomfortable sensation. It typically happens in the evening or nighttime hours when you’re sitting or lying down. Moving eases the unpleasant feeling temporarily. Restless leg syndrome is a common neurological sensorimotor disorder with an overall prevalence in adults of 5-10% in Europe and North America. Restless legs syndrome had a higher prevalence in men than women, with the difference reaching significance in those 40-49 years old; in men there was no positive correlation with age. Can begin at any age and generally worsens as you age (Chatterjee, Mitra, Guha & Chakraborty, 2015).

Restless leg syndrome is manifested by strong feelings of restlessness and distressing paraesthesia-like sensations (crawling, burning itching and tingling) in the lower legs, particularly when at rest. As a result of that, patients usually have a difficult time to maintain a proper sleep pattern; the symptoms vary considerably in severity and frequency (Borreguero & Pumarega, 2017). It can disrupt sleep, which interferes with daily activities.

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Temporal Arteritis / Reading and Sharing

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Temporal arteritis is a condition in which the temporal arteries supplying blood to the head and brain become inflamed or damaged. Temporal arteritis is also known as cranial arteritis or giant cell arteritis. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a segmental systemic granulomatous arteritis affecting medium and large arteries in individuals >50 yr. The inflammation primarily targets branches of the extracranial head and neck blood vessels (external carotids, temporal arteries, ciliary and ophthalmic arteries). The aorta and subclavian and brachial arteries can also be affected. Intracranial arteritis is rare (Ferri, 2018).

There are approximately 20 new cases of temporal arteritis for every 100,000 people over 50 years of age. Incidence increases with age with the highest rate being among those 70-79 years old, is more common in women than in men by 3:1 and is more often seen in Caucasians than any other race (Petri, Nevitt, Sarsour, Napalkov, and Collinson, 2015). There are no estimates of the prevalence of GCA in the United States population in the current millennium. Most cases are paired with a diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatic (PMR).

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Nursing Continue Education · Nursing Informatics

Today’s Textbook Readings: Theory of Andragogy – the Education of Adults

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Today’s Textbook Readings:

Billings, D. & Halstead, J. A. (2012) Teaching in Nursing -A Guide for Faculty (4th ed.) p 220-225

Andragogy: the education of adults

-(In contrast to Pedagogy: the education of children)

Malcolm Knowles developed the theory of andragogy in relation to adult learners, with the intention to help understand how adults learn. From psychological perspective, Knowles explained that adults are self-concept, increasingly self-directing, and being responsible for their own life, thus, their motivation to learn is internal, it may rise from curiosity, but their readiness to learn develops from life tasks and problems, and their orientation to learning is task centered or problem centered.

Knowles acknowledged that adult learners have experiences from the past, in which serve as a rich resource for their own and other’s learning, therefore, it should be take into consideration that how previously learned knowledge and experience influence new learning process.
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