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What is Six Sigma?
- A comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining and maximizing business success.
- is uniquely driven by close understanding of customer needs, disciplined use of facts, data, and statistical analysis, and diligent attention to managing, improving, and reinventing business processes.
- The goal of Six Sigma is to eliminate all defects
- Six Sigma implies a goal of no more than 3.4 defects per 1 million opportunities
The five-phase improvement process of Six Sigma: DMAIC
- Define: define the problem/ opportunity, process, and customer requirements.
- Important tools used in this phase include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data.
- Examples of VOC data include complaints, surveys, comments, and market research that represent the views and needs of the organization’s customers
- Important tools used in this phase include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data.
- Measure: define measures and then collect, compile, and display data.
- Measures are defined in terms of defects per opportunity
- Analyze: Scrutinize process details to find improvement opportunities.
- A project team working on a Six Sigma project, normally referred to as a Six Sigma team, investigates and verifies data to prove the suspected root causes of quality problems and substantiates the problem statement.
- An important tool in this phase is to fishbone or Ishikawa diagram
- Improve: Generate solutions and ideas for improving the problem.
- A final solution is verified with the project sponsor, and the Six Sigma team develops a plan to pilot test the solution.
- The Six Sigma team reviews the results of the pilot test to refine the solution, if needed, and then implements the solution where appropriate
- Control: Track and verify the stability of the improvements and the predictability of the solution.
- Control charts are one tool used in the control phase
The Six Sigma “belt” system:
- Yellow Belt: receive the minimum level of training, which is normally two to three full days for project team members who work on Six Sigma projects on a part-time basis
- Green Belt: usually participate in two to three full weeks of training
- Black Belt: normally work on Six Sigma projects full-time and attend four to five full weeks of training. project managers are often Black Belts.
- Master Black Belt: experienced Black Belts who act as technical resources and mentors to people with lower-level belts
Resource: Schwalbe, K. (2016) Information technology project management. (8th ed.)